Geography Chapter- 5 Industries Notes

Chapter- 5

 Industries

Industry

*It is a system under which goods are manufactured.

*In industries raw materials are converted into finished goods.

*ex-iron and steel industry’ coal mining industry etc.

*Industrial system involves

1)input(raw material)

2)process(machines and labours

3)output(end product and the income earned from it)

 

Factors affecting industries

The factors affecting the location of industries are:-

1) Nearness to the raw material-

Industries are located near the source of the raw material. The industry which uses heavy raw material and produce large quantity located near the source of the raw material. For example, Jute industries are located in West Bengal, cotton textile industry is located in Mumbai and Ahmedabad.

2) Nearness to power-

 Power is needed for processing raw materials. The industries which consume huge quantity of power are located near the sources of power.

3) Availability of water-

It helps in centralization of industries. It influences the establishment of agro-based industries like cotton textile, jute textile etc

4) Labour-

No industry can function without labour. Even the modern computerized machines need to be operated by human beings only. Labour may be skilled or unskilled.

5) Transport facilities-

 We need good transport facilities to bring the raw materials to the industries as well as to take the finished goods to the market. Without proper

transport facilities the factory cannot run.

6) Nearness to the market-

 Industries produce lot of goods but if all the goods are not consumed then these industries may be closed. There is a need of the market to sell the goods to the people.

 

Classification of industries

 

 

Raw material                                                                Size                           Ownership

1. Agro based                                                             1.Large scale               1.Private sector

2.Mineral based                                                         2.Small scale               2.Joint sector

3.Marine based                                                           3.Cottage                     3.Co-operative sector

4.Forest based

 

*Agro based –

Industries obtaining raw material from the agriculture are called as agro based.Ex - cotton industry, cotton textile industry, leather industry,  sugar industry etc.

*Minerals based -industries in which minerals are used as raw input are called mineral based industries-ex – iron and steel industry , automobile industry.

*Forest based

-industries obtaining raw material from the forests.

Ex – paper and sugar industry, pharmaceuticals, furniture industry.

*on the basis of size

*Large scale industries

-in these industries:-

Number of employees are quite large.

They use modern technology and machines.

Most of the work is done by machines.

The volume of the production is large in  quantity.

They require large capital investment.

They sell their things in the country.

They expect the produced goods. Ex – cement, automobiles, iron and steel industries.

 

*Small scale

Investment of capital is less. They was low level of technology, most of work was done by labours.Some works are done by hand. Number of employees are less. The amount of production is less.

Ex – dairy products, plastic goods, paper industries.

Cottage industries

This industries are run by few people or the member of family.

They set upo the unit in their homes.

Most of the work is done by hand.

They get the raw material from local market and sell it in locality.

Ex – handicrafts, baskets weaving, pottery etc.

On the basis of ownership

* Private industries-These industries are owned and operated by individuals such Tata Steel ,Airtel and TISCO

*public industries:--These industries are owned  and operated by government such as GAIL, BHEL, SAIL,NTPC,NHPC

*co-operative industries:--These are owned and operated by suppliers, workers or both such as Amul milk, Mother dairy. Sudha Dairy are success stories of a co-operative venture.

 

Iron and steel industries

 The inputs for the industry include raw materials such as iron ore, coal and limestone, along with labour, capital, site and other infrastructure.

2) The process of converting iron ore into steel involves many stages. The raw material is put in the blast furnace where it undergoes smelting. It is then refined.

3) The output obtained is steel which may be used by other industries as raw material.

Importance

Steel is tough and it can easily be shaped, cut, or made into wire. Special alloys of steel can be made by adding small amounts of other metals such as aluminum, nickel, and copper. Alloys give steel unusual hardness, toughness, or ability to resist rust.

Iron and steel industries are referred as the backbone of modern industry

Cotton textile industry

Ahmedabad

It is located on the banks of Sabarmati river in Gujarat.

The first  mill was established in 1859.

It is also called the Manchester of India.

Geographical advantages

Ahmedabad is situated very close to cotton growing area.

The climate is ideal for spinning and weaving.

The flat land is available for establishment of the mills.

Cheap, skilled and semi-skilled labours are available.

Mumbai Port helps in earning foreign exchange.

It well connected with the national highways.

Osaka

It is an important textile centre of Japan, also known as Manchester of Japan.

*Geographical advantages

Flat land is available here for the growth of cotton mills.

The river Yodo provides water for mills.

Skilled and semi-skilled labours are easily available here.

Climate is suitable for spinning and weaving.

Information Technology (I.T.)

The major tubes of it industry are the silicon valley California and Bangalore, India.

*geographical factors

*It is linked all parts of India by road, rail and air.

*Highly trained professionals are available here.

*Best quality it infrastructure is available government provides support to the IT company.

*Famous IT tubes of the world.

Silicon Valley (California, USA), New York city (USA)

Los Angeles (USA), Boston (USA)

*Famous IT hubs of India

Bangalore-Silicon Valley of India, Hyderabad

 

 

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